DIVE-IN – An International Journal on Diversity and Inclusion https://dive-in.unibo.it/ <p><strong>DIVE-IN – <em>An International Journal on Diversity and Inclusion</em> – ISSN 2785-3233</strong> is an open access scholarly journal that takes a comparative and multidisciplinary approach to cultural, literary, linguistic, and social issues connected with diversity and inclusion. These have not only gained key importance in our times, but they have also been at the core of a wide variety of academic subjects and heterogeneous research methodologies.</p> en-US rivistadivein@unibo.it (DIVE-IN Editorial Team) ojs@unibo.it (OJS Support) Tue, 20 Jun 2023 15:15:25 +0200 OJS 3.2.1.4 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Introduction. <em>Täter</em>, <em>Mitläufer</em>, and the Responsibility for Evil https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17277 Veronica De Pieri, Elisa Pontini Copyright (c) 2023 Veronica De Pieri, Elisa Pontini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17277 Tue, 20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0200 <em>Wird irgendetwas mit mir geschehen?</em> Psycho(patho)logical perspectives on Hannah Arendt’s <em>The Banality of Evil</em> https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17278 <p>In 1961, the Eichmann trial opened in Jerusalem, and its worldwide resonance through media coverage questioned the collective conscience about responsibility for Nazi crimes. German philosopher Hannah Arendt attended the process as a special correspondent for the U.S. magazine <em>The New Yorker</em>. Her <em>Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil</em> (1963) caused a great scandal: the author advanced the brazen idea of collective co-responsibility for Nazi crimes, reporting the identikit of a standard bureaucrat, a seemingly ordinary man, just like any one of us. Almost sixty years after its publication, this study adopts a primarily psycho(patho)logical perspective to reflect once again on the considerations Arendt shared in the <em>Banality of Evil</em>. In showing the multiple facets of banality, the research investigates recent results in the analysis of the criminal mind in order to shed light on the etiology of evil.</p> Veronica De Pieri Copyright (c) 2023 Veronica De Pieri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17278 Tue, 20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0200 L’‘incapacità’ di riconoscere la responsabilità: Riflessioni a partire da <em>Ritorno in Germania</em> di Hannah Arendt https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/16995 <p>After her visit to Germany in 1949/50 Hannah Arendt wrote the essay <em>The Aftermath of Nazi-Rule. Report of Germany</em> (1950) in which she collects her reflections on post-war German society. Starting from this analysis, the present article aims to investigate the causes of the inexplicable indifference to Nazi crimes that Arendt observes in the German people. While Arendt emphasizes the inability to think (and feel) provoked by the regime, A. and M. Mitscherlich focus on the failure to process the traumatic ‘loss of the <em>Führer</em>’. In both cases, a mechanism of reality distortion gets triggered, resulting in the repression of the past and the denial of one’s own guilt and responsibility. The studies by Bar-On, Pohl and Welzer (et al.) show how these repression processes are also active in later generations, even today, representing a threat to a successful reworking of the past, to the preservation of collective memory and to the recognition of one’s own responsibility not only for the past, but also for the present and future.</p> Elisa Pontini Copyright (c) 2023 Elisa Pontini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/16995 Tue, 20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0200 Transgenerationale Schuld in Nora Krugs graphic novel <em>Heimat</em> https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17279 <p>In the graphic novel <em>Heimat. Ein deutsches Familienalbum</em> (2018), the German author Nora Krug documents the analysis of her family’s history. As a member of the third generation after the Holocaust, Krug wants to find out if and in which way her grandparents were involved in the Holocaust. In addition, her research shows whether her own family’s history corresponds to Germany’s cultural history. Krug seeks to improve her understanding of her family’s relations and her ‘Heimat’. The archive is the starting point of her investigations and defines the design of the story. <em>Heimat</em> connects information from the archives with testimonies and memorabilia. In this fashion, Krug creates a creative treatment of the family history. Not only the archive, but also photography is significant in the design of the graphic novel. Hirsch’ theory on postmemory explains the self-representation of the family in photographs. Krugs plurimedial design of the story creates a multilayered narrative that processes the complex themes of <em>Heimat</em> in a sensible way.</p> Jente Azou Copyright (c) 2023 Jente Azou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17279 Tue, 20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0200 Allegorie des verdrängten Mitläufertums: Carl Merz’ und Helmut Qualtingers <em>Herr Karl</em> als österreichische ‚Banalität des Bösen‘ https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17001 <p>With <em>Der Herr Karl</em> (1961), Carl Merz and Helmut Qualtinger created a folk play of a ‘critical, myth-destroying form’ (Bobinac 1992) which is unique in Austrian theatre history. The scandal which this one-hour monodrama caused when it was first broadcast on Austrian television was also due to the unmasking character drawing: In the behaviour of the titular fellow traveller and opportunist ‘Herr Karl’, the audience recognised itself – the post-war mentality of repressing, forgetting and relativising found itself shaken to its foundations. The article aims to examine to what extent Hannah Arendt’s reflections on the ‘Banality of Evil’ are actually applicable to Merz and Qualtinger’s play and which aspects of Austrian mentality history become visible in it. In particular, the Austrian remembrance culture and its way of dealing with the traumatic happenings could become evident – especially in a nation that tried to posit itself as the first ‘victim’ of Hitler’s Germany even before the end of the war</p> Daniel Milkovits Copyright (c) 2023 Daniel Milkovits https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17001 Tue, 20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0200 Un areopago a Francoforte: La lezione civile di Fritz Bauer https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17005 <p>Throughout his career as a prosecutor, Fritz Bauer has always avoided looking back: from the capture of Eichmann to the Auschwitz trial he was never guided by intentions of revenge, nor was he ever satisfied with arresting those who were guilty; if anything, his intention was to promote democracy by educating the population, and to trigger reflections and debates around the problem of responsibility. Such an attitude emerges clearly from his writings, as well as from numerous public speeches, and interviews. From his first works, the very first one published when he was still in exile in Sweden, his Marxist-socialist vision stands out: the problem is not Hitler, it is the society that promoted him. And therefore it is this society that has to be changed. Of course, by preparing new cases aimed at past mistakes, but primarily through a deep self-analysis.</p> Michele Paolo Copyright (c) 2023 Michele Paolo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17005 Tue, 20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0200 Amnesia collettiva e <em>Vergangenheitsbewältigung</em>: Psicanalisi e letteratura nella Germania degli anni Sessanta https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17012 <p>This paper aims to analyze the effects on German literature of the renewed interest in Nazi past. In order to do that, it considers Adorno’s and Mitscherlichs’ studies, in which they try – from a psychoanalytic point of view – to understand the mechanisms which made Germans support the leader and then made them remove their guilt. Then, the article focuses on some author of the early Sixties, in order to verify how they try to begin the Germans’ <em>Vergangenheitsbewältigung</em>. As far as possible, the paper examines the reception of these texts, trying to understand how and to what extent they give a contribution to overcome this collective amnesia.</p> Filippo Pelacci Copyright (c) 2023 Filippo Pelacci https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17012 Tue, 20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0200 Postmemoria e letteratura per l’infanzia: trasmettere il trauma del bombardamento atomico alle nuove generazioni https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17013 <p>The end of World War II and the trauma of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki mark a complete rupture in Japan’s recent history. Both Japanese and non-Japanese authors of children’s literature have addressed this traumatic memory in their works, aiming to pass it on to the next generations and thus contributing to the construction of a carefully curated postmemory (Hirsch 2012) that conveys specific messages and feelings. There are several perspectives from which the catastrophe is retold, shifting from those who are the “victims” to those who can be considered the “accomplices” and influencing the way this specific memory is passed on to young readers. Through the analysis and comparison of three works of children's literature, including <em>Hiroshima no uta</em> (1960) by Imanishi Sukeyuki, this paper sets out to explore a new way of looking at children's literature that deals with the trauma of the atomic bombing, exploring the role that these texts have played in the transmission of this historical memory to later generations.</p> Giulia Colelli Copyright (c) 2023 Giulia Colelli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17013 Tue, 20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0200 Beitrag Grundlosigkeit Genozid. Genozide und die Frage nach dem „Warum?“ Komparatistiche Überlegungen zum Konzept der „extremen Grundlosigkeit“ in autobiographischen Zeugnissen von Überlebenden der Shoah und des Tutsizids https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17014 <p>Based on autobiographical testimonies written by survivors of the Shoah and the Tutsicide in Rwanda, the article deals with the question of “why?” which accompanied the execution of the respective genocide as much as its “after.” When he dared to ask the “why” of the violence in Auschwitz, Primo Levi received the decisive answer: “There is no why here.” How the victims in Europe as well as in Rwanda, dealt with the arbitrariness and absoluteness of genocidal power instances is traced in three chronological steps: The first phase concerned the question of identifying the group to be killed and the redundancy of definitional access to the apparently “other” body. The second phase showed the disappearance of the question of the reasons for the massacres. The third phase corresponds to the period after the liberation of the victims. Here, the absurdity of the crimes became so glaring that many victims momentarily began to doubt the reality of their suffering. I hypothesise that the study of the extreme groundlessness of genocides does not contradict but complements the historical study of the origins and functioning of mass violence.</p> Anne D. Peiter Copyright (c) 2023 Anne D. Peiter https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17014 Tue, 20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0200 <em>Il Parlamento degli invisibili</em>: Note sull’estetica “ingenua” del progetto di Pierre Rosanvallon https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17015 <p>Founded in 2014 by Pierre Rosanvallon, a professor in history and sociology at the École des Hautes Études in Social Sciences in Paris, the publishing collection <em>Raconter la vie</em> invites any person, layman and professional writer alike, to produce their own life testimonies. How does the professor's initiative claim to be ‘literary’ while at the same time claiming to extract itself from the conditions of possibility that determine a ‘literary’ text (work on the text, writing as mediation, authority, and peer recognition)? To what extent does Rosanvallon invoke the name of the novel and its specific symbolic profits, denying it?</p> Valeria Tettamanti Copyright (c) 2023 Valeria Tettamanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17015 Tue, 20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0200 Saul Friedländer, Norbert Frei, Sybille Steinbacher, Dan Diner, Jürgen Habermas, <em>Ein Verbrechen ohne Namen</em>, München, C. H. Beck Verlag, 2022, 94 Seiten, ISBN 9783406784507 https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17016 Michael Dallapiazza Copyright (c) 2023 Michael Dallapiazza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17016 Tue, 20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0200 Franz Kafka, <em>Nella colonia penale</em>, testo originale a fronte, trad. it. Nino Muzzi, Roma, Castelvecchi, 2021, 88 pp., ISBN 9788832902761 https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17017 Giulia Fanetti Copyright (c) 2023 Giulia Fanetti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17017 Tue, 20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0200 Eva Mona Altmann, <em>Das Unsagbare verschweigen: Holocaust-Literatur aus Täterperspektive. Eine interdisziplinäre Textanalyse</em>, Bielefeld: transcript-Verlag, 2020, 482 Seiten, ISBN 9783839454688 https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17018 Alexandra Müller Copyright (c) 2023 Alexandra Müller https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://dive-in.unibo.it/article/view/17018 Tue, 20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0200